Magnetosensorisch vermogen bij de mens

Gegevens

Geschreven: woensdag 14 maart 2012 09:14

• 'Magnetiet in het menselijk lichaam' (PDF), door dr. Jean Pilette (zie p. 14 en 15 in het document Zendmasten, draadloze technologie en gezondheid)
  
  
• Experimenten van geofysicus Joe Kirschvink van het California Institute of Technology wijzen op het bestaan van een magnetisch 'zesde zintuig' bij de mens:
  
  
  • Maverick scientist thinks he has discovered a magnetic sixth sense in humans, Science Magazine, 23/06/2016
  • Scientist claims he's discovered a magnetic 'sixth sense' in humans, Science Alert, 27/06/2016
    
    “It’s part of our evolutionary history. Magnetoreception may be the primal sense.”
    
    
    

    
    
    Experimentele set-up onderzoek Kirschvink
    
    

 
Van dieren was al eerder geweten dat ze over een soort van 'ingebouwd magnetisch kompas' beschikken
 

• "Cornell biologists may have made a breakthrough in understanding why some people are electrosensitive. They report in Nature Communications that humans as well as many other species descended from a type of fish that lived some 500 million years ago which had a "well developed electroreceptive system." A possible implication is that some of us, like sharks and rays, may be able to detect very weak electric fields and perhaps a subset has an electroreceptive system that has gone awry. We concede that this is speculation on our part; for a more direct interpretation of the new paper, read the Cornell University press release." (Microwavenews.com, 19/10/2011)
  
  Meer informatie over deze studie vindt u in volgende pdf.
  
  "Most vertebrates — including humans — descended from ancestor with 'sixth sense'"
  
  "People experience the world through five senses but sharks, paddlefishes and certain other aquatic vertebrates have a sixth sense: They can detect weak electrical fields in the water and use this information to detect prey, communicate and orient themselves"
  
  "some 30,000 species of land animals (including humans) and a roughly equal number of ray-finned fishes – descended from a common ancestor that had a welldeveloped electroreceptive system"
  
  
  

         Electroreceptie bij vissen

How Do Sharks and Rays Use Electricity to Find Hidden Prey?

• Magnetite in Human Tissues: A Mechanism for the Biological Effects of Weak ELF Magnetic Fields
  
  Bioelectromagnetics Supplement 1 :101-113 (1992)
  
  Joseph L. Kirschvink, Atsuko Kobayashi-Kirschvink, Juan C. Diaz-Ricci, and Steven J. Kirschvink

• Is the sense of magnetoreception in animals related to the condition named 'electrosensitivity' in humans?

• Toelichting van de Amerikaanse medisch-wetenschappelijk journalist Blake Levitt:
  
  "I have a section on magnetite in my first book, Electromagnetic Fields and discuss Kirchvink's work. Magnetite is found in every living thing so far investigated and is thought to surround the human meninges of the brain. It is thought to be responsible for bird migratory abilities (eye and beak areas are loaded) and the "honey bee dance" for which Karl Von Frisch won the Nobel Prize in the 1970's. Bee abdomens are loaded with it -- the likely coupling mechanism for external EMFs and whole colony collapse, if EMFs are found to play a role. Even soil bacteria -- magnetobacteria -- are almost 100% magnetite. Magnetite is 300 million times more sensitive to external magnetic fields than any other known material. And we all manufacture it. It is probably the mechanism by which cows have been found to face north along the earth's axis."
  
  Kirschvink et al. found significant levels of magnetite in all areas of the brain with highest levels in the meninges. There were about 5 million crystals per gram of tissue with over 100 million in the meninges. Two types of magnetite were found and it mostly occurred in clumps, organized in magnetosomes - the long crystal chains found in magnetic bacteria and fish as well as other species, which use the earth's magnetic fields for directional information. They found ferromagnetite, which reacts a million times more strongly. Anyone who has my first book, there's a section called Magnetic Materials in Body Tissue, pp. 151-152, and lots of other citations throughout. Kirschvink also has a chapter in one of Martin Blank's books.
  
  A British research named Robin Baker also found magnetite in the human ethmoid bone in the sinus region where many think our "magnetic compass" is located. Baker was able to disturb test subject's sense of direction for up to two hours by applying a bar magnet to the forehead for only 15 minutes. The body also has other magnetic materials - iron & copper. But magnetite is by far the most interesting."

Magnetiet: een mineraal met sterke magnetische eigenschappen

• Magnetite biomineralization in the human brain, Biophysics Vol. 89, pp. 7683-7687, August 1992
  
  Joseph l. Kirschvink, Atsuko Kobayashi-kirschvink, and Barbara J. Woodford
  Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, The California Institute of Technology
  
  Abstract:
  Although the mineral magnetite (Fe3O4) is precipitated biochemically by bacteria, protists, and a variety of animals, it has not been documented previously in human tissue. Using an ultrasensitive superconducting magnetometer in a clean-lab environment, we have detected the presence of ferromagnetic material in a variety of tissues from the human brain. Magnetic particle extracts from solubilized brain tissues examined with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and elemental analyses identify minerals in the magnetitemaghemite family, with many of the crystal morphologies and structures resembling strongly those precipitated by magnetotactic bacteria and fish.
  
  These magnetic and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements imply the presence of a minimum of 5 million single-domain crystals per gram for most tissues in the brain and >100 million crystals per gram for pia and dura. Magnetic property data indicate the crystals are in clumps of between 50 and 100 particles. Biogenic magnetite in the human brain may account for high-field saturation effects observed in the Ti and T2 values of magnetic resonance imaging and, perhaps, for a variety of biological effects of low-frequency magnetic fields.

• Human cryptochrome exhibits light-dependent magnetosensitivity (2011)
  
  Studie gepubliceerd in Nature Communications
  
  "Humans are not believed to have a magnetic sense, even though many animals use the Earth's magnetic field for orientation and navigation. One model of magnetosensing in animals proposes that geomagnetic fields are perceived by light-sensitive chemical reactions involving the flavoprotein cryptochrome (CRY). Here we show using a transgenic approach that human CRY2, which is heavily expressed in the retina, can function as a magnetosensor in the magnetoreception system of Drosophila and that it does so in a light-dependent manner. The results show that human CRY2 has the molecular capability to function as a light-sensitive magnetosensor and reopen an area of sensory biology that is ready for further exploration in humans."
  
  "(Our results) suggest that a reassessment of human magnetosensivitiy may be in order"
  
  Gerelateerde artikels:
  
  
  • Humans have a magnetic sensor in our eyes, but can we detect magnetic fields? (Discover Magazine, juni 2011)
   
  • The Eyes Have It: A Protein for Magnetic Sensing (Scientific American, juni 2011)

• Magnetoception (Wikipedia)

• Studie: Magnetic characterization of isolated candidate vertebrate magnetoreceptor cells
  
  Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), June 8, 2012
  
  Abstract
  
  Over the past 50 years, behavioral experiments have produced a large body of evidence for the existence of a magnetic sense in a wide range of animals. However, the underlying sensory physiology remains poorly understood due to the elusiveness of the magnetosensory structures. Here we present an effective method for isolating and characterizing potential magnetite-based magnetoreceptor cells. (...) This would also explain interference of ac power-line magnetic fields with magnetoreception, as reported in cattle.

• Ook ratten en konijnen blijken over een magnetosensorisch vermogen te beschikken:
  
  Magnetosensory function in rats: localization using positron emission tomography
  
  "Exposure to the magnetic field stimulated cerebellar uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose compared to the sham exposure in the same animals. The activated region was located in the posterior central cerebellum. The results indicated that magnetosensory evoked potentials in rats were associated with increased glucose utilization in the cerebellum, thereby supporting earlier evidence that electromagnetic field transduction occurred in the brain."
  
  Consistent magnetic-field induced dynamical changes in rabbit brain activity (PubMed)
  
  "The reports dealing with the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on brain electrical activity have been inconsistent. We suspected that the use of linear methods and models accounted for some of the variability, and we explored the issue by using a novel approach to study the effects of EMFs on the electroencephalogram (EEG) from rabbits. (...) We conclude that EMF transduction resulting in changes in brain electrical activity could be demonstrated consistently using a nonlinear method of analysis."

• Evidence of a nonlinear human magnetic sense (studie gepubliceerd in Neuroscience, zie PubMed)
  
  "The occurrence of MEPs in response to a weak magnetic field suggested the existence of a human magnetic sense. In distinction to the evoked potentials ordinarily studied, MEPs were nonlinearly related to the stimulus as evidenced by the need to employ a nonlinear method to detect the responses."

• Studie: Why are living things sensitive to weak magnetic fields?. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine (2013). Abraham R. Liboff
  
  Abstract

• Onderzoek van Fredrik Stormer en collega's, Norwegian Institute of Public Health:
  
  
  • Studie: Membrane-bound memory in the neurons? Medical Hypotheses 73, 462 (2009)
  • Studie: Are the astrocytes involved in magnetite-based memory? Medical Hypotheses (2009)
  • Studie: Evolution and possible storage of information in a magnetite system of significance for brain development, Medical Hypotheses, 2011

• Studie: Long-term memory in brain magnetite. Medical Hypotheses (2009)
  Marcos Arturo Martínez Banaclocha, István Bókkon, Helios Martínez Banaclocha.
  
  Abstract:
  
  Despite theoretical and experimental efforts to model neuronal networks, the origin of cerebral cognitive functions and memory formation are still unknown. Recently, we have proposed that in addition to chemical and electrical signals, the cellular components of the neocortex (especially neurons and astrocytes) may communicate with each other through magnetic signals generated by themselves. This magnetic communication would be the ground of short-term memory. In the present paper, we propose that brain magnetite may be a component of the mechanisms, conserved during evolution, to detect and transduce magnetic fields generated inside the cerebral neocortex. Specifically, we propose a possible role for magnetite nanoparticles, distributed through neuronal and astroglial membranes, in perception, transduction and storage of information that arrives to the neocortex.
  
  Excerpt:
  
  "Traditionally, electromagnetic fields (EMFs) bioeffects have been explained as a consequence of biophysical interactions between EMFs and membranes, leading to changes in cell behavior. Recently, it has been proposed a neural transduction hypothesis for explain EMFs effects in cells.
  
  This hypothesis suggests that EMFs exposure will result in the modulation of the membrane conductance of ion channels, through interactions with extracellular or membrane-bound proteins. We propose that biomagnetite may have a key role in the transduction of the magnetic signals produced inside the neocortex itself. In virtue of their physico-chemical properties, it is plausible that magnetite crystals were synthesized and distributed in the human brain in a specific and controlled form. Having in account that neurons and astrocytes generate the strongest magnetic fields into the brain and that magnetite seems to be homogeneously distributed in neuronal and astroglial membranes, we suggest that:
  
  (a) NAAMFs may drive the distribution and organization of biomagnetite nanoparticles (single domain and/or superparamagnetic) in neuronal membranes, which would result in a nonrandom distribution of these crystals in neuronal surfaces;
  (b) if alternating magnetic fields associated with each neuron activity drive magnetite distribution on their own membranes, this would mean that each neurons might have a specific biomagnetite hallmark, depending on their activity and connectivity; these magnetite signatures would change depending on long-time activity of each specific neuronal circuit and would constitute a dynamic process;
  (c) this non-random but specific distribution of magnetite on neuronal surfaces might have an important role in the induction of static 3-D magnetic constructs in neocortical astrocytes
  (d) this organization of static (dc) astroglial magnetic fields generated around neuronal minicolumns would influence magnetite nanoparticles distribution in astroglial membranes;
  (e) this biomagnetite distribution in neocortical astroglial network would store long-term information

• Studie: Discovery of magnetite in the exhausted material from a diesel engine
  
  Abstract:
  Magnetite was detected in the particulate matter collected from diesel engine exhaust using a total exhaust dilution tunnel. This discovery is very important in determining the health effects of exposure to magnetite or its interaction with static magnetic fields or low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Magnetite is the best absorber of microwave radiation of any biological material in the 0.5–10 GHz frequency range through the process of electromagnetic resonance. This includes the frequencies that are normally used in the cellular telephone industry.

• Studie in Nature: elektromagnetische velden verstoren oriëntatievermogen vogels
  
  PubMed - "The disruptive effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields is not confined to a narrow frequency band and birds tested far from sources of electromagnetic noise required no screening to orient with their magnetic compass. These fully double-blinded tests document a reproducible effect of anthropogenic electromagnetic noise on the behaviour of an intact vertebrate."

De Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie: betrouwbaar?

Gegevens

Geschreven: vrijdag 24 februari 2012 12:04

• Update 19/12/2022: WHO announces members of the Task Group on Radiofrequency Fields and Health Risks
• Update 04/11/2019: Will WHO Kick Its ICNIRP Habit? Non-Thermal Effects Hang in the Balance - Repacholi’s Legacy of Industry Cronyism.

Veel artsen, wetenschappers, onderzoekers en beleidsmakers blijven de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie beschouwen als dé referentie inzake informatie over de gezondheid. Ook als het gaat over de gezondheidseffecten van elektromagnetische straling is dit het geval. Nochtans is er de laatste jaren een grote controverse ontstaan rond de WGO, omdat haar werkwijze ontransparant en onwetenschappelijk zou zijn en omdat er sprake is van belangenvermenging.

Mike Repacholi

(Update: Mike Repacholi werd intussen opgevolgd door de al even problematische Emilie van Deventer)

Meer specifiek in verband met de activiteiten van de WGO i.v.m. elektromagnetische straling en elektromagnetische velden (Engelse afkorting EMR/EMF) is het zo dat bij de man die jarenlang verantwoordelijk was voor het EMF-project van de WGO, Mike Repacholi, sprake is van ernstige belangenvermenging. Zoals uitgebreid wordt gedocumenteerd op tal van websites en door tal van wetenschappers (zie onder), heeft dit geleid tot een onwetenschappelijke aanpak en het systematisch negeren en onder de mat vegen van verontrustende studies. Repacholi heeft recent in een interview eindelijk toegegeven dat de helft van het EMF-project gefinancierd werd door de telecom- en wireless-industrie.

Mike Repacholi: banden met de industrie

De affaire Anders Ahlbom

Daarnaast was er ook nog de affaire met Anders Ahlbom. Ahlbom bepaalde meer dan 10 jaar lang mee de publieke en wetenschappelijke opinie over de effecten van EM straling. Hij maakte deel uit van het expertenpanel binnen de IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer, een onderdeel van de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie), hij verrichtte verschillende epidemiologische studies naar de link tussen gsm-straling en hersentumoren (hij werkte onder andere mee aan de Interphone studie) en legde mee de internationale blootstellingsnormen vast, als lid van het ICNIRP. Jarenlang ontkende hij de gezondheidsrisico’s.

Recent werd Ahlbom eindelijk uit de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie (IARC) gebannen wegens jarenlang verzwegen belangenvermenging. De Zweedse onderzoeksjournaliste Mona Nilsson bracht aan het licht dat Ahlbom medeoprichter en lid van de Raad van Bestuur is van ‘Gunnar Ahlbom AB’, een lobby- en consultancybedrijf voor telecomoperatoren, gerund door Ahlbom’s broer (persbericht IEMFA). Quasi onmiddellijk na het bannen van Ahlbom herevalueerde het IARC de wetenschappelijke bewijzen voor de schadelijkheid van gsm-straling en deelde de gsm op basis hiervan in in de categorie 2B: ''mogelijk kankerverwekkend' (meer info).

Ook eerder waren er al meldingen van belangenvermenging bij het IARC.

WGO: betrouwbaar?

Er kunnen dus grote vragen gesteld worden bij de objectiviteit en de juistheid van de informatie die de WGO verschaft over EMR/EMF. Blijkbaar heeft de WGO weinig lessen getrokken uit het tabaksschandaal destijds en is er nog niet veel veranderd. Hieronder vindt u meer informatie over de bedenkingen bij de WGO en over de aanpak van Repacholi.

• • Mike Repacholi: Industry Consultant
    
    
  • Microwave news responds to Mike Repacholi
    
    Up to half, if not more, of the WHO’s EMF project’s funding
    came from industry. Repacholi states that he always followed the WHO rules on
    funding and that, “NO funds were EVER sent to me.” [His emphasis.]
    This is financial legerdemain. As Microwave News has previously reported,
    Repacholi arranged for the industry money to be sent to the Royal Adelaide
    Hospital in Australia, where he used to work. The funds were then transferred
    to the WHO. Seven years ago, Norm Sandler, a Motorola spokesman, told us
    that, “This is the process for all the supporters of the WHO program.” At the
    time, Motorola was sending Repacholi $50,000 each year. That money is now
    bundled with other industry contributions and sent to Australia by the Mobile
    Manufacturers Forum (MMF), which gives the project $150,000 a year.
    “What is the difference between sending money directly to the WHO and
    sending it via Australia?,” we asked Repacholi last December. He never responded.
    We don’t think there is any difference. We don’t understand how the
    WHO can see this as anything other than money laundering. On numerous
    occasions we have asked Repacholi to reveal all the sources of the funding of
    the WHO EMF project. He has consistently refused. (Maar onlangs heeft hij dus toegegeven
    dat de helft van het EMF-project gefinancierd werd door de industrie)Op de website 'Microwave News' is heel veel degelijk onderzochte informatie en documentatie terug te vinden (zie kolom rechts: 'WHO watch') Met onder andere:
    
    
  • WHO & industry: EMF partners
    
    
• Uit een studie verschenen in het medische tijdschrift The Lancet blijkt dat de WHO haar richtlijnen niet op het beschikbare bewijsmateriaal baseert.
  
  Zie het artikel 'WHO criticized for neglecting evidence':
  
  

  "When developing "evidence-based" guidelines, the World Health Organization routinely forgets one key ingredient: evidence. That is the verdict from a study published in The Lancet online."
  

  "The medical journal's criticism of WHO could shock many in the global health community, as one of WHO's main jobs is to produce guidelines on everything from fighting the spread of bird flu and malaria control to enacting anti-tobacco legislation."
  

  "This is a pretty seismic event," Lancet editor Dr. Richard Horton, who was not involved in the research for the article. "It undermines the very purpose of WHO. This study shows that there is a systemic problem within the WHO, that it refuses to put science first"
  
  "They interviewed senior WHO officials and analyzed various guidelines to determine how they were produced. What they found was a distinctly non-transparent process. It's difficult to judge how much confidence you can have in WHO guidelines if you're not told how they were developed," Oxman said. "In that case, you're left with blind trust."
  
  "The WHO has seen its independece eroded and its trust diminished"
  

• Téléphonie mobile: trafic d’influence à l’OMS ?: Artikel van de Franse onderzoeksjournalist David Leloup

• Conflict of Interest and Bias in Health Advisory Committees: A case study of the WHO's EMF Task Group (en ICNIRP)
  
  ""Conflict of interest exists when an author (or the author’s institution), reviewer, or editor has financial or personal relationships that inappropriately influence (bias) his or her actions... The potential for conflict of interest can exist whether or not an individual believes that the relationship affects his or her scientific judgement. Financial relationships ... are the most easily identifiable conflicts of interest and the most likely to undermine the credibility of the journal, the authors, and of science itself."
  This paper briefly examines this problem, using recent actions taken by the World
  Health Organisation’s (WHO) International EMF Project and the International
  Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).

  In conclusion
  
  It is acknowledged that in an ever increasingly globalized world the reliance on international organisations to set standards to protect public health is an irrefutable fact of modern life. It is also a fact that international organizations charged with this task need to be "eternally vigilant" to ensure that their organisations are not co-opted by vested interests groups – as exampled by Big Tobacco and WHO.
  
  However when it comes to non-ionizing radiation issues the evidence is clear that Michael Repacholi has used his standing in both WHO and ICNIRP to stack the WHO's Environmental Health Criteria Task Group for power frequency exposures with representatives of the power industry in contravention of WHO policy. This can only be to the detriment of the group's ability to evaluate the scientific literature in an unbiased way. This action can only be construed as being aimed at ensuring that industry involvement in determining the WHO Environmental Health Criteria will bias ICNIRP's risk assessment for power frequency exposure limits for years to come. This will conveniently provide economic protection for the industry against the need to spend enormous sums of money on upgrading distribution systems as well as risks of litigation. Such a blatant disregard for the fundamental principles of credible science as well as WHO's mission on protecting world health speaks of a desperation to bury independent science at all costs, even if that cost is at the integrity of WHO.
  
  
• Veel info ook in de WGO-sectie van de Franse organisatie  Next Up

Zinnig en zuinig omgaan met draadloze technologieën

Gegevens

Geschreven: woensdag 26 oktober 2011 10:13

Beperk de Straling is een groep van burgers die zich zorgen maakt over de exponentiële toename van de stralingsniveau's waaraan de bevolking wordt blootgesteld. Wij focussen meer bepaald op hoogfrequente microgolfstraling, uitgezonden door zendmasten (gsm, 4G, 5G, ...) en draadloze technologieën (WiFi, DECT, smartphones, tablets, ...).

De wetenschappelijke aanwijzingen voor schadelijkheid zijn overvloedig en ook uit de medische wereld zijn nu al meer dan genoeg waarschuwingen gekomen.

Daarnaast ondervinden ook duizenden mensen in de praktijk dat elektromagnetische straling hun gezondheid op soms drastische wijze ondermijnt.

De overheid negeert deze aanwijzingen. Ze onderneemt geen actie en laat na om burgers op een fatsoenlijke manier te informeren. Ze vertrouwt op de opinie van selectief samengestelde expertencomités waar vaak belangenvermenging voorkomt. Ook de media zwijgen de problematiek dood of brengen artikels die niet degelijk onderbouwd of onderzocht zijn. Kritische, diepgravende onderzoeksjournalistiek ontbreekt geheel.

Daarom namen wij zelf het initiatief om onze mede-burgers in te lichten over de gezondheidsrisico's en hen aan te zetten tot een voorzichtig gebruik. Maar we proberen eveneens wetenschappers, medische specialisten, journalisten en beleidsmakers te sensibiliseren, want de onwetendheid over deze problematiek is nog zeer groot en de ernst ervan is nog niet doorgedrongen.

Zinnig en zuinig omgaan met draadloze technologieën, dat is ons motto.

Maar wij kunnen deze problematiek niet alleen aanpakken. Het is hoogst noodzakelijk dat eenieder die zich zorgen maakt over de huidige stralingsoverlast of die zelf de nadelige gezondheidseffecten ondervindt, initiatieven neemt, op lokaal, regionaal of nationaal niveau. Initiatieven om mensen te sensibiliseren en om beleidsmakers tot actie aan te zetten. Inspiratie voor initiatieven vindt u hier en u kunt ons ook steeds e-mailen voor tips. Ook kleine initiatieven kunnen het verschil maken.

Immers, "All that is required for evil to prevail is for good men to do nothing" (citaat van Edmund Burke).

U kunt ons steunen door een bijdrage op ons rekeningnummer

IBAN BE46 9733 6272 2036

Op naam van 'Rechtszaken Beperk de Straling'


Dankzij uw bijdrage kunnen we de website onderhouden, sensibiliseringsmateriaal afdrukken (brochures, stickers, flyers), juridische actie nemen, etc.

Conclusie

Gegevens

Geschreven: maandag 09 mei 2011 18:15

Medici en Prof.

Gegevens

Geschreven: maandag 09 mei 2011 18:09